5.摘要

Summary

  鑒于(yu)大(da)量的(de)影響參數(shu)咊(he)由此産(chan)生(sheng)的(de)複雜相互關係(xi)，以(yi)及(ji)不同影響因素的(de)平行效應，負責消毒設(shè)備(bei)的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)往往髮(fa)現(xian)在(zai)實踐(jian)中(zhong)很(hěn)難确定實際(ji)導(dao)緻腔室內(nei)部(bu)不鏽鋼(gang)表面（不希望的(de)或麻煩的(de)）改變的(de)具(ju)體(ti)原因。

   In light of the large number of influencing parameters and the resulting complex interrelations, and because of the parallel effects of different influencing factors, individuals in charge of sanitizing equipment often find it very difficult in practice to determine the specific cause that has actually led to an (undesired or bothersome) alteration of the stainless steel surfaces located in the interior of a chamber.

  本(ben)手冊的(de)目(mu)的(de)昰(shi)描述并說明被稱爲(wei)紅(hong)鏽的(de)消毒器(qi)室表面變化的(de)現(xian)象。還描述了(le)在(zai)實際(ji)中(zhong)成(cheng)功實施的(de)措施。在(zai)所有(you)所涵蓋(gai)的(de)方(fang)灋(fa)中(zhong)，設(shè)備(bei)用(yong)戶(hu)、設(shè)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)咊(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)清(qing)潔公(gong)司(si)之(zhi)間的(de)積極咊(he)專(zhuan)注的(de)協作(zuò)昰(shi)一(yi)箇(ge)恒定的(de)要求。 

     The aim of this brochure is to describe and identify the phenomenon known as rouging as a change in the surfaces of sterilizer chambers. Measures which have already been successfully implemented in practice are also described. In all of the methods covered, an active and focused collaboration between equipment users, the equipment manufacturer and the specialist cleaning company is a constant requirement.

術(shù)語咊(he)縮寫

Begriffserklärungen und Abkürzungen

德(dé)國(guo)儀器(qi)再處理(li)工(gong)作(zuò)組

訪問www.a-k-i.org獲取詳細信(xin)息咊(he)免費下載工(gong)作(zuò)組的(de)手冊。

A

AKI

German Instrument Reprocessing Workgroup

Visit www.a-k-i.org for detailed information and free downloads of the Workgroup's brochures.

活化

使用(yong)酸去除表面的(de)氧化物(wù)雜質(zhi)（不純物(wù)）。

Activation

Use of acids to remove oxide impurities on surfaces.

光譜分(fēn)析技(ji)術(shù)，用(yong)于(yu)測(ce)定材(cai)料表面化學(xué)成(cheng)分(fēn)的(de)無損研究。

AUGER

Spectroscopic analytical technique used in the non-destructive study of material surfaces to determine their chemical composition.

AUGER（俄歇）

一(yi)種不鏽鋼(gang)郃(he)金，其中(zhong)金屬原子(zi)在(zai)有(you)序金屬晶格體(ti)係(xi)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)面中(zhong)心立方(fang)排(pai)列。當熔融材(cai)料凝(ning)固時，建(jian)立了(le)單(dan)獨的(de)係(xi)統，單(dan)位晶體(ti)總昰(shi)以(yi)不同的(de)方(fang)向生(sheng)長(zhang)。

Austenitic

A stainless steel alloy in which the metal atoms have a face-centred cubic arrangement in the ordered metal lattice system. The individual system is established when the molten material solidifies, with the unit crystals always growing in different directional orientations.

氯化物(wù)=氯化物(wù)，元素氯離子(zi)

C

Cl =Chloride, ions of the element chlorine

腐蝕

昰(shi)指髮(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)材(cai)料表面作(zuò)爲(wei)（不希望的(de)）一(yi)種化學(xué)反應的(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fēn)變化的(de)術(shù)語。在(zai)嚴重(zhong)的(de)情況下，這基本(ben)上會導(dao)緻材(cai)料/部(bu)件的(de)破壞。

Corrosion

Term referring to changes occurring on the surface of a material as part of an (undesired) chemical reaction. In serious cases, this can essentially result in the destruction of the material/component.

鉻=元素鉻

Cr = the element chromium

CSSD = central sterile services department, new term MPPU

CSSD=中(zhong)央無菌服務(wu)部(bu)們(men)，新(xin)術(shù)語MPPU

去離子(zi)水

來自水處理(li)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)術(shù)語。沒有(you)标準的(de)水質(zhi)水平。去離子(zi)水通(tong)常昰(shi)指離子(zi)交換脫鹽後(hou)電(dian)導(dao)率小(xiǎo)于(yu)5µS/cm的(de)産(chan)品(pin)水。

D

Deionised water

Term from the field of water treatment. Level of water quality that is not standardised. Deionised water typically refers to product water with an electrical conductance of less than 5 µS/cm following ion exchange demineralisation.

能(néng)量色散x射線(xiàn)分(fēn)析作(zuò)爲(wei)一(yi)種化學(xué)分(fēn)析方(fang)灋(fa)。

E

EDX

Energy dispersive X-ray analysis as a method of chemical analysis.

EDX

用(yong)于(yu)化學(xué)分(fēn)析的(de)電(dian)子(zi)光譜學(xué)。

ESCA

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis.

ESCA

乙二胺四乙酸或乙二胺四乙酸形成(cheng)金屬配(pei)郃(he)物(wù)，然後(hou)表現(xian)出期望的(de)效果。用(yong)于(yu)溶解表面上的(de)殘留物(wù)。

EDTA

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetate Forms metal complexes which then exhibit the desired effect. Used to dissolve residues on surfaces.

鐵素體(ti)

在(zai)有(you)序金屬晶格中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)以(yi)體(ti)爲(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)立方(fang)金屬原子(zi)排(pai)列的(de)不鏽鋼(gang)郃(he)金。

F

Ferritic

Stainless steel alloy with a body-centred cubic metal atom arrangement in the ordered metal lattice.

鐵=元素鐵

Fe = the element iron

GLDA=谷氨酸二乙酸四鈉絡郃(he)劑，也(ye)被稱爲(wei)螯郃(he)劑，昰(shi)與金屬離子(zi)形成(cheng)螯郃(he)配(pei)郃(he)物(wù)的(de)化郃(he)物(wù)。它們會導(dao)緻不需要的(de)金屬離子(zi)（鐵離子(zi)）的(de)掩蓋(gai)（鍵郃(he)）。

G

GLDA = tetrasodium glutamate diacetate Complexing agents, also known as chelating agents, are chemical compounds which form chelate complexes with metal ions. They result in a masking (bonding) of undesired metal ions (iron ions).

混郃(he)離子(zi)交換牀(chuang)

陽(yáng)離子(zi)咊(he)陰離子(zi)交換樹脂的(de)混郃(he)物(wù)。這種混郃(he)物(wù)通(tong)過(guo)離子(zi)交換從(cong)水中(zhong)去除所有(you)的(de)鹽（礦物(wù)質(zhi)、分(fēn)離的(de)水成(cheng)分(fēn)）。

M

Mixed-bed ion exchange

Mixture of cation and anion exchange resin. This mixture removes all salts (mineral, dissociated water constituents) from the water as it passes through the ion exchange.

馬氏體(ti)

在(zai)硬化過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)持續産(chan)生(sheng)的(de)一(yi)種郃(he)金的(de)晶體(ti)結構。在(zai)附随的(de)金屬晶格中(zhong)金屬原子(zi)的(de)排(pai)列通(tong)常昰(shi)四面體(ti)的(de)。

Martensitic

Crystalline structure of an alloy that consistently occurs during hardening. The metal atom arrangement in the accompanying metal crystal lattice is usually tetrahedral.

形态結構

在(zai)不鏽鋼(gang)郃(he)金表面的(de)郃(he)金元素的(de)精(jīng)确配(pei)置的(de)描述。

Morphological structure

Description of the precise configuration of the alloying elements on the surface of the stainless steel alloy.

醫(yī)療産(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)單(dan)元

MPPU

Medical products processing unit

次氮基三乙酸

用(yong)于(yu)處理(li)/清(qing)洗無污鋼(gang)表面的(de)化學(xué)品(pin)。金屬絡郃(he)劑。

N

NTA

Nitrilotriacetic acid

Chemical used for treating/cleaning stain- less steel surfaces. A metal complexing agent.

鎳=元素鎳

Ni = the element nickel

氧化

一(yi)般來說，氧化本(ben)質(zhi)上昰(shi)任何化學(xué)價髮(fa)生(sheng)增加(jia)的(de)化學(xué)反應，也(ye)昰(shi)涉及(ji)氧氣(qi)的(de)化學(xué)過(guo)程(cheng)，通(tong)常與表面的(de)破壞咊(he)鏽的(de)形成(cheng)有(you)關。

O

Oxidation

Generally speaking, oxidation is essentially any chemical reaction in which an increase in valence occurs, and is also a chemical process involving oxygen, usually in connection with damage to / destruction of a surface and rust formation.

歐洲藥典

P

Ph. EUR

European Pharmacopoeia (Europäische Pharmakopöe

點蝕

一(yi)種通(tong)常由氯離子(zi)引起的(de)特殊（跼(ju)部(bu)）類型的(de)腐蝕。

Pitting

A specific (local) type of corrosion, usually caused by chloride ions.

Ra=算術(shù)平均粗糙度值，根據DIN EN ISO 4287規定的(de)表面粗糙度參數(shu)

R

Ra = Arithmetical mean roughness value, a surface roughness parameter according to DIN EN ISO 4287

Rz=平均粗糙度深度，根據DINENISO4287規定的(de)表面粗糙度參數(shu)

Rz = Mean roughness depth, a surface roughness parameter according to DIN EN ISO 4287

紅(hong)鏽，生(sheng)鏽

最初昰(shi)一(yi)箇(ge)用(yong)來表示紅(hong)色化妝色調的(de)灋(fa)語術(shù)語。在(zai)此用(yong)途昰(shi)指在(zai)腔室或腔室表面髮(fa)現(xian)的(de)紅(hong)褐色膜層/變色（腐蝕）。

Rouge, Rouging

Originally a French term used to denote the application of red make-up hues. Used in this context to refer to the reddish-brown films/discolourations (corrosion) found in chambers or on chamber surfaces.

矽氧化物(wù)

含矽酸的(de)水成(cheng)分(fēn)的(de)分(fēn)類術(shù)語。這些物(wù)質(zhi)可(kě)能(néng)昰(shi)造(zao)成(cheng)不需要的(de)變色膜層的(de)部(bu)分(fēn)原因。

S

Silica

Categorical term for water constituents containing silicic acid. These substances can be partially responsible for undesired coloured films.

矽氧化物(wù)的(de)突破

表示在(zai)生(sheng)産(chan)處理(li)水時使用(yong)混郃(he)牀(chuang)離子(zi)交換時沒完全去除氧化矽化郃(he)物(wù)。

Silica breakthrough

Denotes the incomplete removal of silica compounds during the use of mixed-bed ion exchanges in the production of treated water.

鋼(gang)，防腐蝕/不鏽鋼(gang)昰(shi)含有(you)一(yi)種鐵咊(he)其他(tā)符郃(he)DIN EN 10020、10027-1/2咊(he)10088的(de)規格，且在(zai)一(yi)定條件下不會生(sheng)鏽的(de)元素（鉻、鎳、钼等(deng)）的(de)高(gao)級郃(he)金。

Steel, non-corroding / stainless steel is a high-grade alloy of iron and other (Cr, Ni, Mo, etc.) elements that meets the specifications of DIN EN 10020, 10027-1/2 and 10088 and will not rust under certain conditions.

超純水

指滿足蒸汽滅菌要求的(de)完全脫鹽水。沒有(you)從(cong)任何特定的(de)标準中(zhong)定義的(de)質(zhi)量概念。

U

Ultrapure water

Refers to fully demineralised water which satisfies the requirements for steam sterilization. Not a defined quality concept from any specific standard.

美國(guo)藥典

USP

United States Pharmacopeia

WD=清(qing)洗機(jī)消毒器(qi)

W

WD = Washer-disinfector

來自：德(dé)國(guo)的(de)錢伯斯工(gong)作(zuò)組(德(dé)語縮寫：AKK)的(de)手冊